Can Bergamot Lower Cholesterol? – nourishingnutrients
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Can Bergamot Lower Cholesterol?

Can Bergamot Lower Cholesterol?

by Aditya Halan in Studies

Citrus bergamot (Citrus bergamia) is a polyphenol-rich citrus fruit studied for its potential to support healthy lipid profiles.

Several randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials suggest standardized bergamot extracts can help maintain balanced cholesterol levels—particularly LDL-C—when used alongside diet and lifestyle improvements.

This article reviews the evidence, mechanisms, dosage, safety, and practical applications of bergamot in cholesterol management.

What Is Bergamot and Why Is It Being Studied?

Bergamot is a small, aromatic citrus fruit cultivated primarily in Calabria, Italy. Its peel and juice contain unique polyphenols—brutieridin and melitidin—along with flavanones such as neoeriocitrin, neohesperidin, and naringin. These compounds have been evaluated for their potential to support lipid metabolism and cardiovascular wellness.

Can Bergamot Lower Cholesterol?

What Clinical Studies Show:

Evidence from Human Trials

  • 2019 Narrative Review: Nauman et al. summarized multiple clinical studies in which bergamot extract improved total cholesterol and LDL-C, with some trials showing modest increases in HDL-C. (Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2019)
  • 2020 Systematic Review: Lamiquiz-Moneo et al. analyzed human data and concluded that bergamot supplementation generally produced favorable effects on lipid parameters, though product quality and dose varied. (Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2020)
  • 2023 Randomized Controlled Trial: Fogacci et al. found that two standardized bergamot doses over 12 weeks significantly improved LDL-C and related lipid markers compared to placebo. (Archives of Medical Science, 2023)
  • 2024 Double-Blind Study: Spina et al. reported that 150 mg/day of standardized bergamot flavonoids over four months significantly improved total cholesterol and LDL-C versus placebo. (Foods, 2024)
  • Earlier Mechanistic Trials: Toth et al. (2016) observed approximately 20% LDL-C reduction and improved LDL particle profiles in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia using bergamot extract for 30 days. (Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2016)

Across published human trials and reviews, standardized bergamot extracts have consistently demonstrated a capacity to support balanced cholesterol levels, particularly through LDL-C reduction. Effects are influenced by dose, duration, and extract quality.

Bergamot should be used as part of a broader lifestyle approach, not as a replacement for medical care.

How Citrus Bergamot Works: Mechanisms of Action

  • HMG-CoA Reductase Mimicry: The polyphenols brutieridin and melitidin resemble natural substrates of the cholesterol-synthesizing enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, contributing to a statin-like effect on endogenous synthesis without acting as a pharmaceutical drug.
  • AMPK Pathway Activation: Preclinical studies indicate that bergamot polyphenols may activate AMPK, a key metabolic regulator that enhances fatty acid oxidation and glucose metabolism.
  • Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Bergamot's flavonoids demonstrate strong antioxidant properties, which may help protect LDL particles from oxidation and support overall vascular integrity.

Effects on HDL, Triglycerides, and Ratios

Some trials report modest increases in HDL-C and reductions in triglycerides, leading to a more favorable LDL:HDL ratio. Results vary, but LDL-C and total cholesterol reductions remain the most consistent findings.

Dosing, Form, and Quality Considerations

  • Form: Standardized bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) or flavonoid-rich extracts in capsule form.
  • Typical Doses Studied: 150–1,000 mg/day for 8–16 weeks.
  • Quality: Look for third-party tested, standardized extracts with declared flavonoid content. Verify purity and sourcing transparency.

Safety and Interactions

Bergamot extracts are well tolerated in human studies. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort is the most common side effect. Because bergamot influences cholesterol metabolism, individuals using prescription lipid-lowering medications should consult their healthcare provider before use.

Integrating Bergamot into a Heart-Healthy Routine

Dietary and lifestyle changes remain the foundation for healthy cholesterol management. Bergamot can be viewed as an adjunct to the following evidence-based strategies:

  • Increase soluble fiber intake: Oats, beans, barley, apples, and citrus pectin can help lower LDL-C.
  • Follow a Mediterranean-style eating pattern: Emphasize vegetables, legumes, olive oil, and omega-3-rich fish.
  • Exercise regularly: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity weekly.
  • Manage stress and sleep: Chronic stress and poor sleep affect lipid metabolism and heart health.

Free Resource: Manage Your Cholesterol—Food & Habit Guide

Looking for practical, evidence-based strategies to improve your cholesterol naturally? Download our Manage Your Cholesterol Guide—a comprehensive resource featuring:

  • Step-by-step guidance on optimizing diet, movement, and daily habits
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  • Tips for maintaining consistent progress and motivation

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Key Takeaways on Citrus Bergamot

  • Evidence-supported: Clinical trials show bergamot extracts can help maintain healthy LDL-C and total cholesterol levels when used with diet and lifestyle improvements.
  • Mechanism: Bergamot's polyphenols appear to modulate cholesterol synthesis and improve oxidative balance.
  • Best use: As part of a holistic heart-health plan, not as a substitute for prescribed therapy.

FAQs

Is bergamot the same as a statin?

No. Bergamot contains natural compounds that act on similar biochemical pathways but is not a drug. Do not stop or change any prescribed medication without medical supervision.

How long does it take to see results?

Clinical trials typically ran for 8–16 weeks. Your healthcare provider can recommend when to repeat cholesterol testing.

Can bergamot be taken alongside other supplements?

Bergamot may be used with other heart-supportive nutrients such as plant sterols, omega-3 fatty acids, or soluble fiber. Always consult your clinician for personalized guidance.

FDA & Healthcare Disclaimer

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Information provided is for educational purposes only and should not replace advice from your physician or qualified healthcare professional.

References (APA)

Fogacci, F., et al. (2023). Metabolic and vascular effect of a standardized bergamot phytocomplex: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm clinical trial. Archives of Medical Science, 19(7), 1747–1756.

Spina, A., et al. (2024). Citrus bergamia extract for cholesterol and lipid metabolism management: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Foods, 13(23), 3883.

Lamiquiz-Moneo, I., et al. (2020). Effect of bergamot on lipid profile in humans: A systematic review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60(18), 3133–3143.

Nauman, M. C., et al. (2019). Clinical application of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) for reducing high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease markers. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10, 130.

Toth, P. P., et al. (2016). Bergamot reduces plasma lipids and small dense LDL and improves carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 6, 299.

Huang, Y., et al. (2021). Defining the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of bergamot-derived extracts. Nutrients, 13(10), 3515.

Nesci, S., et al. (2021). The bergamot polyphenols from the tree to the cell metabolism. Journal of Translational Medicine, 19, 216.

American Heart Association. (2021). 2021 dietary guidance to improve cardiovascular health: A scientific statement from the AHA. Circulation, 144(23), e472–e487.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). (2024). Blood cholesterol—Treatment and follow-up. NHLBI Health Topics.

Ghavami, A., et al. (2023). Soluble fiber supplementation and serum lipid profile: Umbrella review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 15(7), 1665.

(We prioritized peer-reviewed human trials and established medical organizations. Some studies investigated combination nutraceuticals; findings specific to bergamot are identified accordingly.)

Tags: Natures Active Ingredients

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Clinical Application of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) for Supporting Healthy Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Function

Clinical Application of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) for Supporting Healthy Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Function

Quick take: Standardized bergamot extracts rich in polyphenols—particularly flavonoids such as brutieridin and melitidin—have been studied in humans for their ability to support healthy cholesterol metabolism, maintain lipid balance, and promote normal cardiovascular function as part of a balanced lifestyle.* Heart health and cholesterol balance are central to overall wellness. A growing clinical literature suggests that certain plant-based nutrients can support healthy lipid metabolism alongside diet and physical activity. Among these, bergamot (Citrus bergamia) has drawn interest because of its distinct citrus flavonoid profile and consistent signals across human trials. What Makes Bergamot Distinct Bergamot contains specialized flavonoids—brutieridin, melitidin, neoeriocitrin, neohesperidin, and naringin—standardized in modern extracts (often called bergamot polyphenolic fraction). Experimental work and clinical reviews describe nutritional effects on cholesterol synthesis pathways, LDL handling, and antioxidant balance (Nauman et al., 2019). Summary of Human Clinical Studies Below are verified, peer-reviewed human studies and reviews evaluating standardized bergamot preparations on lipid and related markers. Study Design & Population Duration / Dose Key Findings (structure/function) Notes Mollace et al., 2011 Open-label; adults with hyperlipidemia (n=237) 30 days / 500–1,000 mg/day BPF Supported healthy total and LDL cholesterol; favorable changes in triglycerides and HDL within study period Single-ingredient bergamot polyphenol extract Toth et al., 2016 Prospective 6-month study; moderate hypercholesterolemia (n=80) 6 months / Bergavit® (standardized bergamot juice extract) Maintained healthy lipid profile and improved lipoprotein subclass pattern; cIMT improved within study timeframe Single-ingredient bergamot; not a drug outcome study Cai et al., 2017 Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled; older adults with dyslipidemia 12 weeks / standardized bergamot formulation ("CitriCholess") Supported normal lipid metabolism and favorable weight measures vs placebo Single-ingredient bergamot formulation Fogacci et al., 2023 Three-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12 weeks / standardized bergamot phytocomplex (300 or 600 mg/day) Improved lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers vs placebo Single-ingredient bergamot phytocomplex Nauman et al., 2019 Peer-reviewed clinical review — Summarized human evidence supporting healthy lipid balance with standardized bergamot extracts Independent overview of clinical data Abbreviations: cIMT = carotid intima-media thickness; BPF = bergamot polyphenolic fraction. What the Evidence Suggests Supports healthy total and LDL cholesterol levels already within the normal range. Encourages balanced triglycerides and HDL in the context of diet and activity. Provides antioxidant support and favorable shifts in lipoprotein profile in certain studies. Effects vary by dose, extract standardization, duration, and baseline lipid status. Consistency in daily use and alignment with lifestyle measures are important (Nauman et al., 2019). How It Works (Nutritional Mechanisms) 1) Cholesterol synthesis pathways Bergamot flavonoids are discussed in the literature for modulating liver cholesterol synthesis and promoting a balanced response without drug-like enzyme blockade (Nauman et al., 2019). 2) Lipid handling and particle profile Human data show favorable shifts in LDL subclasses and overall lipoprotein profile, which are relevant markers for cardiovascular wellness (Toth et al., 2016). 3) Antioxidant/Inflammatory balance Standardized extracts support endogenous antioxidant defenses and help maintain a normal inflammatory response—both relevant to vascular health (Fogacci et al., 2023). Dosage and Standardization Study ranges commonly span ~300–1,000 mg/day of standardized extracts over 8–24 weeks (Cai et al., 2017; Toth et al., 2016; Fogacci et al., 2023). Look for extracts standardized to polyphenols (often cited in studies as BPF or branded equivalents) and verified by third-party testing. Safety and Tolerability Standardized bergamot preparations were generally well tolerated in clinical studies, with occasional mild digestive symptoms reported. Individuals using lipid-lowering medications or photosensitizing drugs, and those who are pregnant or breastfeeding, should consult a healthcare professional before use (Nauman et al., 2019; Toth et al., 2016). Limitations of the Current Evidence Sample sizes are modest in several trials. Products and standardization differ between studies. Long-term outcomes (beyond 6–12 months) are limited. How to Choose a Quality Supplement Select products with clearly stated polyphenol standardization and batch-specific Certificates of Analysis. Prefer sourcing from Calabria, Italy, mirroring the origin in much of the clinical literature. Confirm third-party testing for identity, purity, and contaminants. Integrating Bergamot Into a Heart-Supportive Lifestyle Balanced diet: Emphasize vegetables, whole grains, legumes, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Regular movement: Aerobic and resistance activity 3–5×/week. Recovery & stress: Prioritize sleep and stress-management practices. Avoid tobacco and excess alcohol. These habits work synergistically with nutritional support to maintain healthy lipid markers. Key Takeaways Verified evidence: Multiple human studies and reviews support standardized bergamot's role in maintaining healthy lipid parameters. Mechanisms: Nutritional modulation of cholesterol pathways, lipoprotein profile, and antioxidant balance. Use: Best combined with diet, movement, and overall healthy habits. Compliance: Structure/function language only; no disease claims. Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) provides a clinically studied, polyphenol-rich option to support cholesterol levels already within the normal range and maintain cardiovascular markers. Standardized extracts taken consistently over several weeks, alongside heart-supportive habits, offer a practical evidence-informed approach.* *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This article is for informational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult your healthcare provider before making changes to your diet or supplement regimen. References  Cai, Y., et al. (2017). Effects of 12-week supplementation of Citrus bergamia extracts-based formulation on cholesterol and body weight in older adults with dyslipidemia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lipids in Health and Disease, 16, 240. Fogacci, F., et al. (2023). Metabolic and vascular effect of a standardized bergamot phytocomplex: A three-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Archives of Medical Science, 19(5), 1153–1164. Mollace, V., et al. (2011). Hypolipemic and hypoglycaemic activity of bergamot polyphenols: From animal models to human studies. Fitoterapia, 82(3), 309–316. Nauman, M. C., et al. (2019). Clinical application of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) for reducing high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease markers. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10, 130. Toth, P. P., et al. (2016). Bergamot reduces plasma lipids, atherogenic small dense LDL, and subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia: A 6-month prospective study. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 6, 299.

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